双语 | UNDP驻华代表白雅婷：促进科技领域的性别平等

联合国开发署驻华代表白雅婷（Beate Trankmann）女士

于美国驻华大使馆庆祝国际妇女节会上发表讲话

科技创新正迅速重塑着社会经济的发展，影响着人们生活、工作与互动的方式。科技的力量也为亟待解决的全球性挑战提供了前沿的应对方案。

Technologies and innovation are rapidly reshaping our societies and economies, and redefining how people live, work, and interact. They also offer cutting-edge solutions to our most urgent global challenges.

然而，如果没有女性参与这些技术的设计与应用，我们就无法最大限度地发挥技术的优势，并充分利用它们来推动可持续发展的进程。

However, we can’t maximize the benefits of these technologies and fully harness them to advance sustainable development, without the involvement of women in how they are designed and deployed.

如果世界上半数人的脑力仍未被充分利用，那么世界就很难重回可持续发展的正轨。如果我们设想的可持续发展目标仅以让世界上一半的人受惠为目的，那么它就失去了存在的意义。

The quantum leaps required to get the world back on track to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals simply won’t be possible if the brainpower of half the world, remains untapped. Nor will they matter, if we create a future where half the world gets left behind.

将女性群体排除在数字经济之外进一步加深了性别不平等的鸿沟，限制了未来工作开展的可能性。这种不平等也会影响宏观经济发展。根据联合国妇女署的一份报道，在过去十年中，低收入和中等收入国家的GDP已经因此损失了1万亿美元。

Excluding women from the digital economy not only further widens divides by limiting access to the future of work. It also has massive macro-economic consequences. According to a UN Women report, it has already cost $1 trillion from the GDP of low & middle-income countries over the last decade.

由此观之，今年国际妇女节的主题“数字包容”十分重要。倡导STEM和数字经济领域内的性别平等的意义已经远超女性本身，上升为关乎整个人类的共同议题。

That is why the theme for this year’s women’s day, on digital inclusion or “DigitALL”, is so important. Gender equality in STEM and the digital economy goes beyond women themselves. It impacts all of humanity.

世界范围内，STEM相关专业仅有大概三分之一为女性学生，在科技领域内巨大的性别差异亟需解决。在中国，情况也是如此。

Worldwide, the gender disparity in tech fields is significant. Only roughly a third of STEM students are female. This is also the case in China.

这种差异催生了性别偏见，而偏见反过来又固化了性别差异。举两个例子来说明。只有17%的风险资本流向了女性领导的科技初创公司，这明显表明投资者对女性创业者缺乏信任。此外，技术人员无意写入人工智能程序的性别偏见倾向于在招聘时赋予男性求职者更高的评级，进而强化了以男性为主导的就业模式。

This disparity results in biases, which in turn reinforce disparities. Let me give you two examples: Only 17% of venture capital goes to female-led tech startups pointing to a visible lack of investor trust. And, AI-powered recruitment systems that generally learn from male dominated employment patterns tend to rate male job applicants higher.

四个关键方式

促进科技领域性别平等

也就是说，这种情况并非无法避免。我们有办法及时止损。我特别强调以下四个关键方式：

That said, this scenario is not inevitable. We know the remedies. Let me zoom in on four entry points in particular.

首先，我们需要从小培养女孩们对STEM学科的兴趣。研究显示，女孩在11岁时开始对STEM学科产生兴趣，但在15岁时热情消退。

Firstly, we need to nurture girl’s interest in STEM from an early age. We know that girls get interested in STEM by the age of 11, but begin turning away at 15.

教育机构需要确保女性学生有平等接受技术和数字技能培训的机会，还应该积极鼓励她们参加STEM课程，并设置专门项目培养她们对于STEM学科的兴趣。

Schools need to not only ensure that girls have equal access to technology and digital skills trainings. They should also proactively seek out female students for STEM programs with dedicated initiatives to foster interest in STEM subjects.

其次，我们需要转变公众态度，发挥女性科学家的榜样模范力量。

Secondly, we need to change attitudes and create role models.

公众意识的提升对于消解女性不擅长STEM学科这一刻板印象至关重要，也有助于扭转一部分女孩们自身的固有认知。

Public awareness efforts are critical to dispel the incorrect notion that women are not good in STEM – including in the minds of girls themselves.

宣传女性模范振奋人心的案例故事也会鼓励更多女孩投身于科研之中。在清华大学，两位女性科学家史无前例地占据了计算机科学系的最高领导职位。

Profiling inspiring examples and creating role models also is a powerful tool. At Tsinghua University, for the first time in its history, female scientists now hold the top two leadership positions in the Department of Computer Science.

第三，雇主可以做得更多。

Thirdly, we need to look at employers.

科技和STEM领域内的招聘和就业需要更多地将性别平等纳入考量。这就包括发布具有性别意识的招聘广告，以及组建男女比例平衡的招聘团队等。也需要创建包容环境让女性“留下来”，解决科研领域中女性大量流失的现象，即“泄漏管道效应”。要为女性开展职业培训、提供组建人际关系网络的机会、完善职场导师制。此外，要保障职场母亲的弹性工作需求，完善公司内育儿服务与设施。

Gender considerations need to be incorporated into hiring and employment practices in tech and STEM sectors. This includes gender-sensitive job advertisements and gender balanced hiring panels. To retain women, address the “so-called” leaky pipeline and nurture careers along--trainings, networking opportunities and mentorship programmes can make an important contribution. More flexible working arrangements that accommodate the needs of working mothers, including nursing rooms, also have to be part of the mix.

除此之外，应鼓励科技公司公开发布其研发团队的性别构成，这或许可以激励更多的女性参与其中。事实上，这一举措也具有商业意义。《哈佛商业评论》发现，充分利用女性专长为女性消费者设计产品的公司，成功的可能性会提高144%。

Beyond this, tech companies should be encouraged to publicly release gender compositionof their R&D teams, which could help incentivize greater participation of women. This in fact makes business sense. Harvard Business Review found that companies that tap female expertise in product design for women consumers improve their likelihood of success by 144%.

在STEM科研领域内，学术机构应延长申请研究基金的女性候选人的年龄限制，以适应女性产假的需求。在中国，一些科学基金会已经将申请青年科学家基金的女性年龄上限从35岁提高到40岁。

In STEM research, academic institutions should extend the age limit for female candidates applying for research grants to accommodate maternity breaks. This practice is already starting to take hold in China - with some science foundations having increased the age from 35-40.

第四，针对上述现象制定相关政策，清除阻碍女性参与数字经济和STEM领域的结构性障碍。

Fourthly, we need policies that address the structural barriers to women’s participation in the digital economy and STEM. 

我们需要制定法律消除女性获取融资支持以及在工作场所时遭受的性别歧视与不平等现象。还需要加大对育儿服务的公共投资力度，完善托儿所和日托中心等育儿设施。

We need laws that end discrimination and inequality both in access to finance and at the workplace. We also need greater public investment in childcare services, including nurseries and daycare centers.

增加产假和陪产假也有助于平衡家庭中的育儿负担，减轻女性在家庭与事业之间选择的压力。北京和上海等城市已经在国家强制要求下增加了30天产假，总产假天数达到158天。

Increasing both maternity and paternity leave can also help to balance the burden of care, while reducing the pressure on women having to choose between family and a career. Cities like Beijing and Shanghai have increased the maternity leave by 30 days over the national mandatory requirement to 158 days.

在中国，联合国开发计划署

支持女性参与STEM的四项重点工作

在中国，联合国开发计划署（UNDP）正与联合国妇女署（UNWomen）和整个联合国系统合作，为更多的女性赋权，让她们更多地参与到STEM和科技领域。我想分享以下四项重点工作：

At UNDP, here in China we are working with UN Women and the UN system to empower and engage more women in STEM and tech fields. Let me share a four highlights:

我们一年一度的#HERStory活动，旨在让女性榜样的光芒更加闪耀。该活动分享STEM领域女性领导者的故事，以激励年轻女性打破性别偏见的桎梏。

Through our annual #HERStory campaign, we are working to shine a spotlight on female role models. The campaign shares stories of women leaders in STEM to inspire girls and combat gender biases.

今年，在日本政府的资助下，我们与合作伙伴共同为青少年女孩们开展了STEM训练营。

This year, we are also working with partners to organize a STEM bootcamp for teenage girls thanks to funding from the Government of Japan.

我们还将在不久之后发布一份新的政策简报，分析在中国和其他地区提高女性参与科技领域所面临的挑战，并就所需的结构性改变提供政策建议。

We will also be releasing a new policy brief shortly, examining the challenges to increasing women’s participation in tech and science in China & the

在全球范围内，联合国开发计划署还与联合国儿童基金会合作开展 “STEM4ALL” 倡议——一个旨在通过知识共享与倡导培养年轻一代STEM女孩的平台，以满足未来工作的需求。

Globally, UNDP is also working with UNICEF on the “STEM4ALL” initiative – a platform that aims to nurture the next generation of girls in STEM through knowledge sharing, and advocacy, to meet the demands of the future of work.

让我回到一开始提到的问题：世界正面临气候危机、自然灾害以及局部冲突和战争等众多挑战，我们需要举所有人之力应对。

Let me close where I started: with the world facing a multitude of crises from climate change and natural disasters, to conflicts and wars, we truly need all hands on deck.

科学和技术所提供的改变世界的方式展现出了前所未有的重要性。

The game-changing solutions which science and technology offer are more vital than ever.

但是我们需要看到更多由女性制定、受惠于女性的科技创新成果。只有这样，我们才能创造一个更加可持续和包容的未来，保证不让任何一个人掉队。

But we need to see more of them designed both for women, and by women. Only then can we create a more sustainable and inclusive future, where no one is left behind.

联合国开发计划署驻华代表白雅婷（Beate Trankmann）女士

与庆祝会受邀嘉宾合照

往期回顾